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Native American mother can ask for custody, court finds

A Minnesota woman who is a member of a local Native American tribe cannot be denied her right to petition the court to regain custody of her 12-year-old son, the state Court of Appeals ruled on Feb. 21. The court cited a federal law intended to keep Native American children within their tribes when possible. Prior to the ruling, an Aiken County judge had denied the mother's petition based on a history of substance abuse and criminal charges filed against her.

The law in question is the Indian Child Welfare Act, which sets a high standard for finding that a parent who is a member of a Native American tribe is unfit to have custody of his or her child. The purpose of the law is to encourage tribal identity and culture to pass down from parents to children, as long as the children are not at risk of "serious emotional or physical damage" while living with their parents.

Parenting classes bill stalls for now

Parenting after a divorce is often challenging for estranged couples who no longer get along. Controversial legislation that would change the direction and timing of parenting classes for divorcing couples has stalled in the Minnesota Senate, at least for now.

The parenting classes are required as part of the separation process. Early intervention was the goal of the current law, but only about a third of divorcing couples attend separation classes in Hennepin County. Supporters of Sen. Dan Hall's bill viewed the legislation as an "upgrade" to the current law.

Should visitation rights extend to extended family and stepparents?

In Minnesota, when a couple gets a divorce, the spouse's parents may petition the court for visitation time with the grandchildren. This can be useful for grandparents in cases where the custodial parent is not allowing regular visits with the grandchildren.

Most other states have some form of grandparental visitation rights. But in general, members of children's extended families do not have similar legal opportunities. Children's great-grandparents, stepparents and others who may have a close relationship with the children pre-divorce may therefore lose contact with the child if the custodial parent chooses not to allow it.

Company says more than 10 percent of parents have paternity issues

A recent article by MSNBC raises an interesting question: how many parents in the U.S. are not certain who the biological father of their children is? A company that makes retail DNA tests says it is more than 10 percent of adults - perhaps more than 24 million Americans - have been involved in a paternity dispute at some point in their lives. But some experts say the number is much lower.

Identigene, the company that manufactures and sells home DNA tests, recently conducted a survey of 1,039 men and women. The company claims that in the survey, 12 percent of men and 10 percent of women said they had experienced a scenario where paternity testing was an "appropriate" move, suggesting that they had a child with uncertain paternity. Nearly 20 percent of those surveyed also said they knew someone who has needed a paternity test for their child.

Minnesota man accused of committing bigamy

In another rare application of Minnesota's provisions against polygamy, a Freeborn County man has been charged with being married to two women at the same time. Authorities say the man lied about his marital status when he claimed to unmarried before marrying his current wife.

We have discussed the legal ramifications of polygamy in Minnesota a few times in this blog, most recently in our Dec. 16 post. As in virtually every other state, it is illegal in Minnesota to be married to more than one person at the same time. Once a bigamous marriage is discovered, the second marriage is legally void, meaning that the state considers it never to have existed. That means that divorce is unnecessary in cases of bigamy, at least as far as the second marriage is concerned.

Complex child custody fight arises out of tragic plane crash

Two Minnesota women joined forces to care for the 6-year-old son of one of the women after a plane crash that claimed the lives of three of the boy's half-brothers and their father. But now the women are locked in a child custody dispute over the boy, with his mother being accused of being emotionally unfit to raise him.

In October 2010, a plane being piloted by a father of five crashed in Wyoming. Also on the plane were his three biological sons. The man left behind two daughters and his second wife.

Following the tragic accident, the man's widow and his first wife, the mother of the sons, moved in together to co-parent the first wife's 6-year-old son. The boy had spent a great deal of time living with the second wife and her husband.

Joint child custody presumption bill returns to Minnesota House

Among the bills being introduced in the just-underway 2012 Minnesota legislative session is a measure that would require family court judges to presume roughly equal custody for divorcing or unmarried parents. The bill, which is similar to proposed laws in other states, generally would grant each parent custody for at least 45.1 percent of the time. The bill is being sponsored by Rep. Peggy Scott, R-Andover.

We have discussed the movement to change the child custody laws in Minnesota in previous blog posts, most recently on Dec. 28. Proponents of the bill say that the current system, in which judges step in when the parents cannot work out an agreement, is biased toward mothers and that children are harmed by not spending equal time with their fathers.

The implications of legal separation vs. divorce in Minnesota

Not all married couples who find they cannot stay together go through with a divorce. Some couples simply separate and lead their lives largely apart, often for years, without legally ending their marriage.

There are several reasons why some couples go down this route. Many people's religious beliefs frown on divorce, so separation is a useful compromise. Other couples want to remain married and in each other's lives, but no longer want to live together. There are also financial reasons that couples may split up but stay married. For example, Social Security benefits for spouses do not fully vest unless the couple was married for at least 10 years.

Impact of guilty verdict on Minnesota dad's custody quest unclear

Following a one-day trial, a six-person jury in Hastings, Minnesota, found a 60-year-old Lakeville man guilty of child neglect in connection with his leaving his 11-year-old son alone to travel to California. The man has not seen his son since he left on July 18, but he is fighting to regain custody of him. Neither his attorney nor the Dakota County prosecutor was certain of how the verdict in the criminal case would affect the civil child custody proceedings.

It took the jury took just 30 minutes of deliberation to find that the man, who was raising his son alone, violated the law when he slipped out of the house he shared with the boy on July 18 to track down some distant relatives for financial help. The man worked as an architect but due to the poor economy had trouble securing jobs.

Child abandonment trial for Lakeville man begins

The trial for a Lakeville, Minnesota, man accused of child abandoning his 11-year-old son to look for work in California began on Jan. 24, with attorneys for both sides giving their opening arguments to a jury at the Dakota County courthouse. A defense attorney for the father, who has been fighting for visitation time with his son, said that the man did not put his son in danger when he left him home alone on July 18, 2011.

The central facts of the case, which we have covered several times in this blog, are not in dispute. The defendant had been a single father to the boy for 10 years when he began experiencing financial problems. While his son slept the evening of July 17, he wrote him a letter explaining that he could not find work as an architect and that their house was facing foreclosure. He told his son to take a second letter over to a neighboring family's house. In tears, the boy rode his bike to the house and found the woman who lived there.

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